Even The New York Post Supports Lowering The Drinking Age to 18

Apparently, even the conservative New York Post--or at least Scott Johnston, the author of a recent article--supports lowering the drinking age to 18.  And yet, very few progressives and Democrats will openly come out in favor of doing such. In fact, many support Tobacco 21 laws these days (along with some Republicans too).  So what gives?

In the USA, it seems that even many self-proclaimed progressives are not as progressive as they claim to be, and we already know that most Democrats are now neoliberal corporate shills at best.  And of course, we know there are plenty of "third way" New Democrats that are closet (or not so closet) authoritarians in many ways.

It would be truly Kafkaesque if one day Republicans become seen as the party of youth rights, something they are not exactly know for, and the Democrats seen as the (selectively) puritanical prude lobby.  So the Dems need to do a serious gut check if they want to win elections in the future.

Twenty-One Debunked Opposes Most Drug Testing

In light of recent reports of student drug testing now including nicotine in some schools due to the moral panic over vaping, Twenty-One Debunked needs to reiterate our general opposition to such testing:

• We oppose any drug testing that is not strictly to determine current impairment or "fitness for duty" in cases of driving, operating machinery, or working at safety-sensitive jobs.
• We oppose any drug testing that privileges or excludes some people over others, whether by age, socioeconomic status, race, or any other suspect or quasi-suspect classification.
• We oppose schools and employers having any jurisdiction whatsoever over what students and employees do to their own bodies off the clock and off the premises, as long as it does not unduly adversely affect their job or school performance and behavior.
• Even if the above criteria are satisfied, we still oppose any drug testing method that has detection times longer than a day or two at the cutoff used, and/or uses inactive metabolites as a proxy for the main substances being tested.  That excludes essentially everything except blood and saliva tests for most substances.  (Note that SCRAM bracelets and sweat testing for offenders in the 24/7 Program are an exception to this rule.)

Twenty-One Debunked, therefore, opposes the vast majority of drug testing done in this country.  We are the supposed land of the free, it's time to start acting like it!

We Still Excommunicate JUUL Labs (Updated)

(Editor's Note:  Twenty-One Debunked has never been affiliated in any way, shape or form with JUUL Labs or any other vaping, tobacco, alcohol, or cannabis company.  And we never will be, either.)

Dear JUUL Labs,

Since you were founded in 2015 as a spinoff from Pax Labs, you have always presented yourselves, at least publicly, as the underdog saving the world in the fight against the evil Big Tobacco.  Little did America know that you were about to pull the wool over everyone's eyes and make fools, and then cynics, of us all.

Why do we hate thee, JUUL?  Let us count the ways:

• You loudly proclaimed yourselves as the sworn enemy of Big Tobacco, but you began to copy their playbook awfully quickly in terms of advertising to young people and cynically implemented your own "anti-vaping", "anti-tobacco", and "holistic health education" progams in schools and youth camps. (You claimed that was just an oversight.  Riiiiiiight.)
• Your sham "educational" programs even told teens that your products were "totally safe" yet for "adults only" (wink wink).  And some of your summer camp programs apparently targeted children as young as eight years old.
• You recruited social media influencers with slick advertising campaigns that at least gave the appearance of deliberately targeting young people in marketing your products.  You also went out of your way to target Native Americans with your addictive poison-peddling as well.
• You chose a much higher nicotine level for your products than other vape brands, by far.  And your patented nicotine salt formulation clearly gives a much bigger "kick" of nicotine as well.  That was most likely to try to edge out the competition, and it worked--at the expense of a new generation of nicotine addicts, that is.
• You lowered your nicotine content when selling JUUL in the European Union and Israel (who by law set the maximum allowable nicotine content of vape products much lower than the American version of your products), but curiously still do not offer such reduced-nicotine products in the USA, or any nicotine-free products.
• You gave your products various kid-friendly fruity, candy, and dessert flavors, because reasons.  Or something.  I mean, we all know that adults need their nicotine vapes to taste like candy in order to help them quit smoking, right?
• Until very recently, you failed to adequately warn users that your products contain nicotine and are highly addictive.  Many young people did not even know that all JUULs contain nicotine, let alone such a high level of it.  And some still may not know yet.
• In fact, if anyone were to deliberately design the most effective and efficient way to surreptitiously get young people hooked on nicotine in the 21st century, it would really look an awful lot like JUUL.
• When the FDA finally blew the whistle on you in late 2018, you responded in the most cowardly way possible.  You decided to throw young adults under the bus by calling for the age limit for vaping products to be raised from 18 to 21, and you banned 18-20 year olds from your website.  And you still made no significant changes to your highly-addictive products, save for the removal of a few flavors in stores.
• And worst of all, you literally SOLD OUT to Altria Group (aka Philip Morris), whose name is literally synonymous with Big Tobacco.  You know, the evil industry you once claimed to be fighting against?  Your deal with the devil may have made you richer and bought you some temporary protection, but everything comes with a price, and your day will come very soon.
• Finally, thanks primarily to you, young people are losing even more rights now.

Thus, in light of the above grievances, we hereby excommunicate you, forever.  Here is your bell, book, and candle, you cowardly quislings.  Now go take your crack nicotine and shove it!

We at Twenty-One Debunked urge everyone to #BoycottJUUL yesterday.  If you don't currently smoke, vape, or otherwise use nicotine, don't start!  You are far better off without this highly addictive poison in any form, period, even if vaping does reduce most of its other toxic chemical satellites and byproducts compared with smoking.  But if you currently do, make it any brand but JUUL, and give 'em a swift kick in the margins!  And best of all, JUULers who switch to other vape brands may find it easier to phase out and finally quit all forms of nicotine for good.

New Tobacco 21 Study Leaves Us With More Questions Than Answers

A new and very preliminary study of recently-passed Tobacco 21 laws appears to find that such laws significantly reduce tobacco smoking (both recent smoking and current and established smoking) by as much as 39% among 18-20 year olds.  The study looked at survey results of 1869 18-22 year old young adults in 2016-2017 in 48 states and DC (excluding New York and Massachusetts), and compared those in states and localities that raised the tobacco age to 21 versus those that did not, and further compared 18-20 year olds versus 21-22 year olds, after adjusting for potential confounders such as cigarette taxes as well as demographics and parental and peer smoking.

However, there are still reasons to be skeptical of these findings:

• Correlation is not causation, and there may still be selection bias, reporting bias, and residual or unmeasured confounding.
• Only a few states and localities had an age limit of 21 for tobacco in 2016-2017, especially when New York and Massachusetts are excluded.
• In some of these few Tobacco 21 states/localities, the number of individuals surveyed was in the single digits.
• Even if these results are 100% due to the hike of the age limit to 21, the study may only be measuring short-term effects since the laws are so recent and only data from 2016-2017 were used.  More longitudinal data are needed.
• Such "early-adopter" effects may not be generalizable or durable, as we saw with the 21 drinking age according to Miron and Tetelbaum (2009).
• Data were collected from November 2016 through May 2017, and yet New Jersey was listed a Tobacco 21 state even though their law didn't go into effect until six months later in November 2017.  Thus, we noticed at least one potential coding error.
• California raised the cigarette tax significantly as of April 1, 2017, within the period of the study.  And Illinois and Chicago have raised their cigarette taxes several times in the years before and after Chicago's Tobacco 21 law that was implemented in 2016.
• Smoking was already on the decline nationwide long before any Tobacco 21 laws were passed, and the data are not adjusted for pre-existing trends.
• Vaping was not examined in this study, and in any case all of the data was from before the JUUL craze came on the scene.
• And most importantly, the study did NOT look at people under 18 at all.

Thus, these results are preliminary at best and need to be taken with at least a grain of salt, if not a whole pound.  Especially since, as we previously reported, according to the YRBSS data there is really no robust correlation between high school smoking or vaping rates and whether the smoking/vaping age is 18, 19, or 21.  And even in this new study of 18-22 year olds, the effects were limited to only those who had already tried cigarettes before, and that typically occurs well before 18.  But wait, isn't the strongest pro-21 argument that Tobacco 21 laws would reduce smoking (and vaping) among people under 18?

And for what it's worth, there is no evidence that Tobacco 21 laws (all of which now apply equally to vape products, by the way) have done anything to reduce the JUUL craze that began in very late 2017 and apparently continues unabated to this day in all states and localities regardless of the age limit.

Also, it just so happens that yet another recent and preliminary study was done, this time longitudinally using BRFSS data of 18-20 year olds from 2011-2016 compared to 23-25 year olds, and comparing the local tobacco age limits by metropolitan/micropolitan statistical area (MMSA).  This study, which was driven by even earlier adopters (mainly city and county-level Tobacco 21 ordinances), did find statistically significant reductions in current established smoking by 18-20 year olds that were not found for 23-25 year olds.  But the devil is really in the details, since the effect size was rather small (1.2 percentage points, and at most 3.1 percentage points in some models) for practical purposes, and may still have been driven by reporting bias, selection bias, and/or differential sensitivity by age to tobacco tax hikes at the same time.  And given how effect sizes for later adopters of any given policies tend to shrink over time compared to earlier adopters, these results do not look particularly encouraging.  Especially since a cursory look at the trendlines in the study finds that the slight divergence in smoking rates that emerges in 2014-2015 re-converges and essentially disappears by 2016, suggesting that the findings are likely driven by short-term effects rather than longer-term effects.

Bottom line:  it looks like the supposed benefits of raising the smoking/vaping age to 21 were, shall we say, all smoke and mirrors, at least for people under 18.  The supposed success of Needham, MA, for example, was likely a statistical fluke and/or a result of endogeneity, much like the "early adopter" effects of the first few states to raise the drinking age to 21 creating that particular mirage in the 1980s.  Or perhaps increased enforcement in general relative to neighboring towns did the trick regardless of the age limit, like it did in Woodridge, IL and several other communities the 1990s with an age limit of 18.  Studies show that whenever vendor compliance exceeds 90-95%, there is indeed a dramatic drop in teen smoking regardless, by as much as 50% compared with previously weak enforcement and low compliance rates, especially for the youngest teens.  More recent research bears this out as well, for teen smoking as well as vaping.   And keep in mind that those who make it to 18 without smoking are far less likely to take up this deadly habit later on.

This all should be food for thought for policymakers debating not just the age limit for tobacco, but also for alcohol, cannabis, or anything else for that matter.  And even if such benefits of the 21 age limit were real, we at Twenty-One Debunked would still not support an age limit any higher than 18, on principle alone.  Old enough to fight and vote = old enough to drink and smoke.  'Nuff said.

New York Raises Smoking Age To 21

Governor Andrew Cuomo of New York had to be a big shot, apparently.  Today on July 16, he finally signed the bill that raises the age limit for tobacco and vaping products to 21, effective 120 days from today.

When the lights went out on Broadway last Saturday, that was certainly an ominous sign.  And lest anyone think there is a consolation prize, Cuomo failed to even get weed legalized last month since he apparently couldn't even muster up the votes in the legislature to pass it.

Many counties and cities in the state, including NYC and now all of its "backyard", already set the tobacco/vape age limit at 21.  That of course includes my home county of Westchester, which raised it from 18 to 21 last year, and even Putnam County too.

The only silver lining is that the new age limit of 21, like the old age limit of 18, will only apply to vendors, as it will still not be illegal for "underage" people to possess or consume tobacco or vaping products.   But that still does NOT mean we should support it one bit!

With the "bookend" states of California and New York now down, plus several other populous and not-so-populous states, not to mention hundreds of localities across the country, and even our nation's capital, is our movement lost for good?  We sure hope not.  It looked like the Tobacco 21 movement had stagnated last year, but now with New York, Utah, Virginia, Washington State, Illinois, and Texas next to jump on the bandwagon, and soon the federal government as well, we clearly got way too complacent last year.  It certainly does NOT bode well for any near-future attempt to lower the drinking and toking ages to 18!

Hindsight is 2020, both the year and the vision.  There is still a slim chance that the America we know and love is not completely lost yet.  But that window is closing very, very fast.